Journal on Ethnopolitics and Minority Issues in Europe
type: channel
description: The Journal on Ethnopolitics and Minority Issues in Europe (JEMIE) is a peer-reviewed, open access, fully online journal published by the European Centre for Minority Issues. JEMIE provides a space for original research exploring minority-majority relations in in an interdisciplinary manner, drawing on political science, sociology, anthropology, international relations, history, social psychology and cultural studies. JEMIE welcomes contributions on topics such as minority rights, political and socio-economic participation, good governance, diversity management, racial and ethnic inequalities, democratization, and interethnic conflict.
publisher: European Centre for Minority Issues
language: en
publication name: Journal on Ethnopolitics and Minority Issues in Europe
issn: 1617-5247
items: Minority Language Media. Current Challenges in a Fragmented Mediascape
items: Documentary Filmmaking and Multilingualism – A Dialogue on Practice: Interview with Dr Alastair Cole, Senior Lecturer in Film Practice, Newcastle University, UK
items: Addressing Linguistic and Territorial Aspects of National Identity Through Short Documentaries: The Case of The German Minority in Upper Silesia
items: Documentary as Dictionary, Documentary as Classroom: Preserving Kurdish Languages and Reclaiming Kurdish Worlds through Film
items: Crafting Poetic Imagery: The Role of Dialect in Documentary Filmmaking through a Chinese Lens
items: The Galician Correspondencia Film: A Documentary Subgenre and an Early Form of Communicative Travel
items: Minority Languages and Documentary Media: Representation, Translation and Power
items: From Nowhere to Somewhere
items: From Resistance to Social Change
items: Mental Health in British South Asians
items: Interethnic Interactions and Group Boundaries
items: Alice’s Adventures in Karelian
items: Local Policies on Religious Minorities
items: The Long Road to Rejection
items: A Grammar of Elfdalian
items: Contested Language Diversity in Wartime Ukraine: National Minorities, Language Biographies, and Linguistic Landscape
items: The Terminology of Cultural Diversity in Iran: Between UN Documents and the Iranian Legal System
items: Book review: Teaching Social Justice Using Postcolonial Texts: Encountering Pedagogies of Discomfort in Practice
items: Book review: Heritage Languages in the Digital Age: The Case of Autochthonous Minority Languages in Western Europe
items: Teaching and learning resources for minority language certifications in Europe: A comparative overview of availability for Catalan, Galician, Irish, Welsh, Upper Sorbian, and Lower Sorbian
items: Building Indigenous Futures with Minecraft: A Sámi Educational Perspective
items: Enhancing Sociocultural Integration in Basque Language Learning: Bridging Gaps in Traditional Textbooks with Digital Tools
items: Language Ideologies in Meänkieli Teaching and Learning Resources
items: Teaching and Learning Resources for Ladino: Current Use and Needs for Further Development
items: Tatar Teaching and Learning Resources in Finland
items: Teaching and Learning Resources for Linguistic Minorities: Structures, Challenges, and A Development Agenda
items: Equality Bodies and Roma Rights Through the Lens of Critical Race Theory
items: Book Review: Everyday Zionism in East-Central Europe: Nation-Building in War and Revolution, 1914-1920
items: Interpretation of Effective Public Participation at the ECtHR: Lessons from Recent Jurisprudence on Minority Language Education
items: Discourse Surrounding the Recognition of Elfdalian in Sweden

Minority Language Media. Current Challenges in a Fragmented Mediascape
type: item
description: Minority Language Media. Current Challenges in a Fragmented Mediascape edited by Miren Manias-Muñoz, Sergiusz Bober, and Craig Willis Palgrave Macmillan, 2025 ISBN 978-3-031-71227-2 (hardback) ISBN 978-3-031-71230-2 (paperback) ISBN 978-3-031-71228-9 (eBook)
subject: Book reviews
  topic: section
creator: Erin McNulty
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Erin McNulty https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-07-06
publication date: 2026-07-06
starting page: 102
ending page: 104
doi: 10.53779/ERMC0906

Documentary Filmmaking and Multilingualism – A Dialogue on Practice: Interview with Dr Alastair Cole, Senior Lecturer in Film Practice, Newcastle University, UK
type: item
description: This interview explores Alastair Cole’s multilingual documentary filmmaking as a research practice that contributes to minority language rights, revitalisation, and ethnopolitical visibility. It argues that documentary cinema offers unique insights into linguistic hierarchies, code-switching, and the lived effects of language policy. Case studies such as Colours of the Alphabet and Iorram demonstrate how film engages with colonial legacies, educational systems, and cultural preservation. The article also highlights emerging digital environments – VOD platforms, social media video, and generative AI – that expand access to multilingual subtitling and circulation, while raising ethical questions around representation and translation. It concludes that documentary cinema can function as both research method and advocacy tool, supporting minority language communities and informing policy discourse.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: documentary
  topic: keywords
subject: minority language
  topic: keywords
subject: code-switching
  topic: keywords
subject: VOD
  topic: keywords
creator: Alastair Cole
creator: Dafydd Sills-Jones
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Dafydd Sills-Jones https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-07-06
publication date: 2026-07-06
starting page: 90
ending page: 101
doi: 10.53779/DASJ0906

Addressing Linguistic and Territorial Aspects of National Identity Through Short Documentaries: The Case of The German Minority in Upper Silesia
type: item
description: The article is focused on the intersection of documentary filmmaking and minority identities, specifically addressing the case of the German minority in Upper Silesia (Poland). The scientific goal is to analyse how the multilayered national identity of members of that group is discussed in the short documentaries broadcast within the television programme “Schlesien Journal”. This is addressed through two detailed angles concerning language and geographical space, as both are related to the key identity features characterising that group. Based on a mixed-method approach consisting of semi-structured in-depth interviews and audiovisual content analysis, the article argues that, in relation to language, German is clearly prioritised in the short documentaries as a central identity marker, despite the minority’s plurilingual profile characterised by the strong parallel presence of Silesian and Polish. Territory-wise, the local embeddedness is highlighted alongside the global connections of the region, thus suggesting a more cosmopolitan identity profile.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: documentary
  topic: keywords
subject: short documentary
  topic: keywords
subject: minority languages
  topic: keywords
subject: minority language media
  topic: keywords
subject: identity
  topic: keywords
subject: German minority
  topic: keywords
subject: Upper Silesia
  topic: keywords
subject: German language
  topic: keywords
subject: Schlesien Journal
  topic: keywords
creator: Sergiusz Bober
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Sergiusz Bober https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-07-06
publication date: 2026-07-06
starting page: 66
ending page: 89
doi: 10.53779/SEBO0906

Documentary as Dictionary, Documentary as Classroom: Preserving Kurdish Languages and Reclaiming Kurdish Worlds through Film
type: item
description: This article examines how documentary film preserves, and reclaims Kurdish languages in Turkey within a sociopolitical context defined by linguistic suppression and subtractive educational practices. Drawing on Stanley Cavell’s (1976) insight that language constitutes a world, the paper frames the repression of Kurdish as an attempt to regulate and fragment lived Kurdish worlds, exploring how documentary cinema exposes and intervenes in this process. Through a close analysis of Veli Kahraman’s Where Is My Mother Tongue? (2012) and classroom-centred documentaries like Orhan Eskiköy and Özgür Doğan’s On the Way to School (2008) and Emine Emel Balcı’s Ich Liebe Dich (2012), the article develops two interconnected frameworks: documentary as dictionary and documentary as classroom. In the former, film operates as an audiovisual lexicon that reattaches Zazaki words to lived experience, “bringing the world to the dictionary” and reinstating a suppressed linguistic presence within the public sphere. In the latter, documentary renders visible the long-term effects of linguistic deterritorialization and subtractive education, tracing what Coşkun, Derince, and Uçarlar (2012) describe as the “scar of tongue.” Engaging with Walter Mignolo’s (2009) concept of epistemic disobedience, the article argues that Kurdish documentary practices in question enact a decolonial epistemic reconstitution. By reinserting marginalized linguistic worlds into audiovisual forms, these documentaries confront hegemonic invisibilisation and affirm Kurdish languages as dynamic sites of struggle, of love, and active world-making.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Kurdish documentary
  topic: keywords
subject: documentary as dictionary
  topic: keywords
subject: documentary as classroom
  topic: keywords
subject: linguistic deterritorialization
  topic: keywords
subject: decolonial epistemic reconstitution
  topic: keywords
subject: linguistic world-making
  topic: keywords
creator: Özgür Çiçek
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Özgür Çiçek https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-07-06
publication date: 2026-07-06
starting page: 45
ending page: 65
doi: 10.53779/OZCI0906

Crafting Poetic Imagery: The Role of Dialect in Documentary Filmmaking through a Chinese Lens
type: item
description: This article examines how Zhuji dialect operates as a generative aesthetic system within contemporary documentary filmmaking through a Chinese cinematic lens. Focusing on the short documentary Little Potato, the paper argues that dialect functions beyond spoken communication or regional realism, becoming a poetic mechanism that shapes cinematic rhythm, imagery, memory, and emotional atmosphere. Through tone, cadence, fragmentation, and oral texture, Zhuji dialect actively informs the film’s audiovisual language and contributes to the construction of poetic imagery. Drawing from practice-led research, the article reflects on the relationship between dialect, domestic space, and observational filmmaking. The study briefly engages with the Xiang system in Chinese aesthetics, where sensory images and symbolic associations generate emotional and philosophical meaning beyond literal representation. Within this framework, Zhuji dialect functions as an embodied cultural image that evokes memory, intimacy, and temporality.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: poetic documentary
  topic: keywords
subject: practice-led artistic research
  topic: keywords
subject: the Xiang system
  topic: keywords
subject: Zhuji dialect
  topic: keywords
creator: Chen Chen
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Chen Chen https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-07-06
publication date: 2026-07-06
starting page: 28
ending page: 44
doi: 10.53779/CHCH0906

The Galician Correspondencia Film: A Documentary Subgenre and an Early Form of Communicative Travel
type: item
description: The 1896 arrival of the cinematograph in Galicia (northwest Spain) coincided with a period of massive economic migration to the Americas (1850s–1950s) and also with the nationalist awakening, which aimed to recover a language and a culture subjugated for centuries. In the 1910s, film pioneer José Gil created a subgenre called cine de correspondencia (“epistolary cinema”): documentaries showing the landscape and celebrations, exported to the Americas as visual letters with the specific purpose of communicating with the Galician diaspora. I propose an interdisciplinary methodology to study the correspondencia documentary, regarding it both as a cinematic expression and an early form of communicative travel (Urry, 2007). I evaluate the use of the Galician language in this subgenre and its impact on the sense of belonging in the migrant community. Finally, I establish a parallel between José Gil’s correspondencia documentaries and the modern expressions of this subgenre, produced within the Novo Cinema Galego movement.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Galician cinema
  topic: keywords
subject: José Gil
  topic: keywords
subject: correspondencia documentary
  topic: keywords
subject: migration
  topic: keywords
subject: communicative travel
  topic: keywords
subject: Galician language
  topic: keywords
subject: Novo Cinema Galego
  topic: keywords
creator: María Seijo-Richart
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 María Seijo-Richart https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-07-06
publication date: 2026-07-06
starting page: 10
ending page: 27
doi: 10.53779/MASR0906

Minority Languages and Documentary Media: Representation, Translation and Power
type: item
subject: Editorial
  topic: section
creator: Dafydd Sills-Jones
creator: Elin Haf Gruffydd Jones
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Dafydd Sills-Jones, Elin Haf Gruffudd Jones https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-07-06
publication date: 2026-07-06
starting page: 1
ending page: 9
doi: 10.53779/DAED0906

From Nowhere to Somewhere
type: item
description: From Nowhere to Somewhere: The Carpatho-Rusyn Movement. A Personal History By Paul Robert Magocsi Ibidem-Verlag, 2024 ISBN 978-3-8382-1973-8 (hardback) ISBN 978-3-8382-7973-2 (eBook)
subject: Book reviews
  topic: section
creator: Antony Hoyte-West
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Antony Hoyte-West https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-04-02
publication date: 2026-04-02
doi: 10.53779/ANHW1711

From Resistance to Social Change
type: item
description: This paper explores linkage between resistance, empowerment, and social change among ethnic minorities (EM). EM resistance, whether individual or collective, fosters a sense of agency and awareness of rights (both to resources and civic participation), driving social change. However, its effectiveness is limited by political systems and geopolitical factors which influence conditions for EM activism. Focusing on EM in Bulgaria, Slovakia, Lithuania, and Estonia, this study examines how resistance and empowerment can challenge power structures and lead to meaningful societal transformation. Ultimately, it questions the potential of EM resistance on four levels – micro, mezzo, macro, and international – to consolidate communities and improve their social and political standing.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
creator: Aleksandra Kuczyńska-Zonik
creator: Szczepan Czarnecki
creator: Łukasz Kwadrans
creator: Marianna Makarova
creator: Aneta Bąk-Pitucha
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Aleksandra Kuczyńska-Zonik, Szczepan Czarnecki, Łukasz Kwadrans, Marianna Makarova, Aneta Bąk-Pitucha https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-04-02
publication date: 2026-04-02
doi: 10.53779/ALKZ1711

Mental Health in British South Asians
type: item
description: British South Asians can be thought of as belonging to honour cultures in which the group’s social image and reputation are central to its identity. Data from 304 British South Asians show that perceived parental pressure to maintain cultural honour was associated with higher depression and anxiety and with lower life satisfaction but that psychological resilience (the ability to “bounce back”) and identity resilience (higher combined levels of self-esteem, self-efficacy, continuity, and positive distinctiveness) had some protective effects for different dimensions of mental health. Interventions to enhance mental health in British South Asians should focus on building psychological resilience and identity resilience, especially in the face of pressures associated with cultural honour.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: cultural honour
  topic: keywords
subject: psychological resilience
  topic: keywords
subject: identity resilience
  topic: keywords
subject: depression
  topic: keywords
subject: anxiety
  topic: keywords
subject: life satisfaction
  topic: keywords
subject: British South Asians
  topic: keywords
creator: Rusi Jaspal
creator: Razina Ferozali
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Rusi Jaspal, Razina Ferozali https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-04-02
publication date: 2026-04-02
doi: 10.53779/RJRF1711

Interethnic Interactions and Group Boundaries
type: item
description: The article explores relations between Ukrainians and the local Russian-speaking community in Estonia in the context of the full-scale invasion of Ukraine. The Ukrainian community has significantly expanded in Estonia since 2022 which led to new dynamics in interethnic relations with the local Russian-speaking community, as the two groups share social spaces where they interact daily. These brings challenges as sometimes interactions are marked by ideological tensions related to different perspectives on the war and related political factors. As well as discrimination and symbolic acts of violence, which has been a characteristic of a so-called conflict transportation. The article shifts the focus from titular group-minority studies and offers an analysis of in-minority relations, which affects Estonia’s local socio-political dynamics.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Estonia
  topic: keywords
subject: Ukrainian-Russian relations
  topic: keywords
subject: interethnic relations
  topic: keywords
subject: full-scale invasion of Ukraine
  topic: keywords
creator: Nino Chanadiri
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Nino Chanadiri https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-04-02
publication date: 2026-04-02
doi: 10.53779/NICH1711

Alice’s Adventures in Karelian
type: item
description: This paper examines translation into the severely endangered Karelian language from the viewpoint of vocabulary work as language revitalisation, through a comparative analysis of Lewis Carroll’s Alice’s Adventures in Wonderland and its Karelian translation. The novel was searched for likely lexical gaps, or words previously missing from Karelian. These words and their translations were examined to analyse the revitalising potential of translating into an endangered language. The analysis reveals that lexical gaps have often been bridged with a neologism, and that, in addition to the source language, the translator has utilised Finnish and Russian. The analysis exemplifies how translations can symbolically empower a language and introduce words to it, highlighting translators’ agency in shaping linguistic norms and sustaining endangered languages.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: language revitalisation
  topic: keywords
subject: literary translation
  topic: keywords
subject: endangered languages
  topic: keywords
subject: neologisms
  topic: keywords
creator: Niko Tynnyrinen
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Niko Tynnyrinen https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-04-02
publication date: 2026-04-02
doi: 10.53779/NITY1711

Local Policies on Religious Minorities
type: item
description: Religious minorities are increasingly present in all European urban spaces and their demands and needs must be accommodated also at the local level to make freedom of religion effective. However, local institutions, although being the closest to citizens, often lack the powers or the means to give a positive response to the increasing religious diversity of their populations. This makes necessary to consider and enhance local entities as active institutions in promoting and protecting cultural diversity, also in the religious domain. Municipalities for Tolerance is a Spanish policy programme designed to support local governments in managing religious diversity. The programme has started its implementation in several municipalities, offering the city councils additional tools for a positive and inclusive policy regarding religious minorities. Eventually, this initiative could also be exported for the benefit of local institutions and religious minorities in other European countries.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: religious minorities
  topic: keywords
subject: local governments
  topic: keywords
subject: diversity management
  topic: keywords
subject: religious diversity
  topic: keywords
subject: Spain
  topic: keywords
creator: Eduardo Ruiz-Vieytez
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Eduardo Ruiz-Vieytez https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-04-02
publication date: 2026-04-02
doi: 10.53779/EDRV1711

The Long Road to Rejection
type: item
description: Launched in 2012 and legally concluded in 2025, the Minority SafePack Initiative (MSPI) constitutes a significant exercise of participatory democracy in the European Union. It mobilised more than one million supporters across the EU and successfully placed the protection of national and linguistic minorities on the EU agenda. Despite this broad mobilisation, the European Commission rejected the initiative in 2021, declining to propose legislative action. This article examines two key stages of the MSPI’s trajectory: the Commission’s substantive decision to reject the initiative and the subsequent legal challenge brought by its organisers. Concluding in 2025, the Court of Justice of the European Union upheld the Commission’s position, illustrating both the possibilities and structural limits of the ECI mechanism.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: minority rights
  topic: keywords
subject: national and linguistic minorities
  topic: keywords
subject: European Union
  topic: keywords
subject: Minority SafePack Initiative
  topic: keywords
creator: Balázs Tárnok
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Balázs Tárnok https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-04-02
publication date: 2026-04-02
doi: 10.53779/BATA1711

A Grammar of Elfdalian
type: item
description: A Grammar of Elfdalian By Yair Sapir & Olof Lundgren UCL Press, 2024 ISBN 978-1-78735-541-5 (hardback) ISBN 978-1-78735-540-8 (paperback) ISBN 978-1-78735-539-2 (PDF) ISBN 978-1-78735-542-2 (ePub)
subject: Book reviews
  topic: section
creator: Seán D. Vrieland
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Seán D. Vrieland https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-11-18
publication date: 2025-11-18
starting page: 134
ending page: 136
doi: 10.53779/SEVR0411

Contested Language Diversity in Wartime Ukraine: National Minorities, Language Biographies, and Linguistic Landscape
type: item
description: Contested Language Diversity in Wartime Ukraine: National Minorities, Language Biographies, and Linguistic Landscape Edited by Nadiya Kiss and Monika Wingender Ibidem-Verlag, 2025 ISBN 978-3-8382-1966-0 (paperback) ISBN 978-3-8382-7966-4 (eBook)
subject: Book reviews
  topic: section
creator: Elmira Muratova
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Elmira Muratova https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-11-13
publication date: 2025-11-13
starting page: 131
ending page: 133
doi: 10.53779/ELMU0611

The Terminology of Cultural Diversity in Iran: Between UN Documents and the Iranian Legal System
type: item
description: The terminology surrounding minority issues in national and international law significantly influences the management of cultural diversity in nation-states. Ambiguities in terms such as ethnicity, people, nation, and indigenous, as well as conflicting legal interpretations, create challenges for defining and promoting minority rights. This paper examines how these terminological ambiguities affect minority issues in Iran, a context further complicated by securitized minority—state relations. Through careful examination of international law documents, national documents, and experts’ views on the issue, we argue that there is no consensus on the nature of cultural diversity in Iran, much less on the categorization of Iran’s minorities. In this light, Drawing on Kymlicka and Fearon, we argue that the insight offered by academic classifications of minorities can significantly improve the recognition of minorities and their rights in Iran and in the region.
subject: Ethnopolitics and Minority Issues beyond Europe
  topic: section
subject: ethnicity
  topic: keywords
subject: minority rights
  topic: keywords
subject: international law
  topic: keywords
subject: minority-state relations
  topic: keywords
subject: cultural diversity
  topic: keywords
subject: groupness
  topic: keywords
creator: Hadi Salehi
creator: Mohammad Ali Tavana
creator: Neda Kardooni
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Hadi Salehi, Mohammad Ali Tavana, Neda Kardooni https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-11-04
publication date: 2025-11-04
starting page: 109
ending page: 130
doi: 10.53779/HASA0311

Book review: Teaching Social Justice Using Postcolonial Texts: Encountering Pedagogies of Discomfort in Practice
type: item
description: Teaching Social Justice Using Postcolonial Texts: Encountering Pedagogies of Discomfort in Practice Edited by Geraldine Balzer, Teresa Strong-Wilson, and Anne Burke Springer, 2023 ISBN 978-3-031-34830-3 (hardback) ISBN 978-3-031-34833-4 (paperback) ISBN 978-3-031-34831-0 (eBook)
subject: Book reviews
  topic: section
creator: Maarit Jaakkola
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Maarit Jaakkola https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-09-11
publication date: 2025-09-11
starting page: 173
ending page: 179
doi: 10.53779/MAJA0808

Book review: Heritage Languages in the Digital Age: The Case of Autochthonous Minority Languages in Western Europe
type: item
description: Heritage Languages in the Digital Age: The Case of Autochthonous Minority Languages in Western Europe Edited by Birte Arendt and Gertrud Reershemius Multilingual Matters, 2024 ISBN 978-1-80041-422-8 (hardback) ISBN 978-1-80041-424-2 (ePub) ISBN 978-1-80041-423-5 (PDF)
subject: Book reviews
  topic: section
creator: Yair Sapir
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Yair Sapir https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-09-11
publication date: 2025-09-11
starting page: 169
ending page: 171
doi: 10.53779/YASA0808

Teaching and learning resources for minority language certifications in Europe: A comparative overview of availability for Catalan, Galician, Irish, Welsh, Upper Sorbian, and Lower Sorbian
type: item
description: The creation of standardised certifications is a complex procedure, even for major world languages. For many minority and minoritised languages, the development of relevant criteria, specifications, and accreditations may be complicated by historical, societal, and political factors. In developing the author’s previous work on the topic, this contribution will analyse the teaching and learning resources relating to the official certifications for six languages which are generally viewed as minority languages: Catalan, Galician, Irish, Welsh, Upper Sorbian, and Lower Sorbian. Noting that certification possibilities are available in a wider range of minority languages, the principal selection criterion for the present interdisciplinary study was that the relevant official certifications comprised a portfolio of independent qualifications which were available at different levels and were explicitly aligned to the CEFR. Based on analysis of the official materials available on the websites of the relevant certifications, the study delves deeper into the types of teaching and learning resources available, including specimen examination papers, specially-designed textbooks, online training courses, and other pedagogical materials. In addition to summarising the current state of play for the six languages profiled, it also aims to offer suggestions on how resources for other minority language certifications could be expanded in the future.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: language testing
  topic: keywords
subject: minority language certifications
  topic: keywords
subject: teaching and learning minority languages
  topic: keywords
subject: teaching materials for minority languages
  topic: keywords
creator: Antony Hoyte-West
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Antony Hoyte-West https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-09-11
publication date: 2025-09-11
starting page: 144
ending page: 168
doi: 10.53779/ANHO0808

Building Indigenous Futures with Minecraft: A Sámi Educational Perspective
type: item
description: Throughout the 21st century, digital gaming environments have been widely used in Nordic education to engage students, deepen learning across subjects, foster social skills, and promote 21st-century digital literacy. In Sámi education, however, the use of digital games is primarily constrained by the limited availability of games in the Sámi languages, Sámi-specific content in existing games, and the usability of these games in Sámi language education. Teachers also require training in the use of digital learning games in Sámi education. In Sámi education, teachers not only need technical proficiency but also the ability to utilise technology to pass on traditional knowledge and language, embedded in Sámi culture, to future generations. This article discusses experiences with the use of Minecraft in Sámi education and the teaching of Sámi content within Norwegian education. The authors have taught the use of Minecraft in both Sámi and Norwegian teacher education and have developed content specifically for this purpose based on Sámi educational values. The first author has translated Minecraft into Northern Sámi. The article takes a narrative approach, discussing how Minecraft is suited for teaching Sámi content and language, and which pedagogical approaches can be considered when using Minecraft in education.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Sámi education
  topic: keywords
subject: Sámi language
  topic: keywords
subject: Sámi pedagogy
  topic: keywords
subject: digital games
  topic: keywords
subject: teacher digital competence
  topic: keywords
subject: Minecraft
  topic: keywords
creator: Lemet Máhtte Eira Sara
creator: Rauni Äärelä-Vihriälä
creator: Line Reichelt Føreland
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Lemet Máhtte Eira Sara, Rauni Äärelä-Vihriälä, Line Reichelt Føreland https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-09-11
publication date: 2025-09-11
starting page: 118
ending page: 143
doi: 10.53779/LEMA0808

Enhancing Sociocultural Integration in Basque Language Learning: Bridging Gaps in Traditional Textbooks with Digital Tools
type: item
description: This study examines the integration of sociocultural components in Basque language instruction, particularly for international students in higher education who have no prior exposure to the cultural context of the language. An analysis of existing Basque textbooks reveals a misalignment with established pedagogical standards, from the broader Common European Framework of Reference for Languages (CEFR) to the specific sociocultural goals of the Basque government’s own curriculum (HEOC), as these materials often presuppose familiarity with Basque culture, resulting in decontextualised activities that fail to engage learners effectively. Qualitative interviews with Basque instructors in the United States support these findings, emphasising the need for supplementary teaching methodologies to bridge gaps in cultural content. To address this issue, a pedagogical intervention was carried out with higher education students using Facebook as a virtual community of practice. The findings indicate that digital platforms provide dynamic, contextual learning opportunities that enhance both linguistic and sociocultural dimensions, leading to greater student engagement and spontaneous knowledge acquisition compared to traditional textbooks. This research highlights the importance of integrating digital tools into Basque language education to better align with contemporary teaching methodologies and improve cultural understanding.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Basque language
  topic: keywords
subject: higher education
  topic: keywords
subject: teaching and learning resources (TLR)
  topic: keywords
subject: sociocultural dimension
  topic: keywords
subject: teaching methodologies
  topic: keywords
subject: virtual community of practice
  topic: keywords
creator: Diana Palenzuela Rodrigo
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Diana Palenzuela Rodrigo https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-09-11
publication date: 2025-09-11
starting page: 91
ending page: 117
doi: 10.53779/DIPA0808

Language Ideologies in Meänkieli Teaching and Learning Resources
type: item
description: Meänkieli is a minoritised and endangered language traditionally spoken in Northern Sweden. This study analyses linguistic variation in a selection of contemporary Meänkieli teaching and learning resources (TLRs) and discusses the language ideologies and the sociopolitical context connected to the variation. In a complex assemblage of perspectives and practices, this study identifies four ideologies behind variation in TLRs: two more purist ideologies (traditional, standard language) and two inclusive ideologies (post-traditional, translanguaging, polynomic). Using a close reading method, both explicit and implicit expressions of variation are examined in the data set that consists of a grammar, five school textbooks, one phrasebook, one online platform, and two dictionaries. The analysis of implicit views on variation focuses, for example, on Swedish loan words and certain key grammatical forms. The grammar book in the study is governed by standard language ideology with traditional and post-traditional elements. The school textbooks, similar to the grammar book, are based on the authors’ Torne Valley variety, the most widely-used regional variety of Meänkieli, and use Swedish to a varying degree following a translanguaging approach. The innovative or interactive mainly digital materials are polynomic and post-traditional. One of the dictionaries and the phrase book brings in varieties outside Sweden, while the other dictionary includes regional varieties of Meänkieli in Sweden. Instructional and experiential TLRs are more likely to follow a standard and balance traditional and nontraditional language, while exploratory and elicitative materials are more polynomic and post-traditional. The study concludes with a summary of the results and suggestions for further studies.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Meänkieli
  topic: keywords
subject: TLRs
  topic: keywords
subject: standard language ideology
  topic: keywords
subject: translanguaging
  topic: keywords
subject: polynomy
  topic: keywords
subject: purism
  topic: keywords
subject: posttraditional
  topic: keywords
creator: Riitta-Liisa Valijärvi
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Riitta-Liisa Valijärvi https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-09-11
publication date: 2025-09-11
starting page: 66
ending page: 90
doi: 10.53779/RIVA0808

Teaching and Learning Resources for Ladino: Current Use and Needs for Further Development
type: item
description: The present article explores the use of teaching and learning resources (TLRs) among 31 learners of Ladino, a Romance minority language traditionally spoken by descendants of Sephardic Jews who were expelled from the Iberian Peninsula at the end of the 15th century. The main purpose of the study is to provide a picture of current use of TLRs among learners. The study further discusses perceived needs for additional and/or updated TLRs, as expressed by learners and teachers of Ladino. The results show a mixed use of resources, encompassing traditional textbooks, grammars, and dictionaries, as well as an extensive use of resources not primarily produced as TLRs, such as articles, videos, chat groups, etc. Learners combine available resources and shape their own learning experience. A majority of the learners, as well as many teachers, point at enhanced opportunities for communication as a major need.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Ladino
  topic: keywords
subject: Judaeo-Spanish
  topic: keywords
subject: teaching and learning resources
  topic: keywords
subject: minority languages
  topic: keywords
subject: language revitalisation
  topic: keywords
creator: Kent Fredholm
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Kent Fredholm https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-09-11
publication date: 2025-09-11
starting page: 45
ending page: 65
doi: 10.53779/KEFR0808

Tatar Teaching and Learning Resources in Finland
type: item
description: Tatar-language education has been organised by the Tatar communities in Finland for more than a century. This traditional minority, today comprising less than a thousand members, was already literate and valued education on arriving in Finland in the second half of the nineteenth century. With very little official support, they have continued to transmit their language, culture, and religion through original and adapted teaching and learning resources (TLRs) for more than six generations. The TLRs target mainly children and young people of kindergarten and school age, but many publications and activities are aimed at all age groups. This overview approaches the production of Tatar TLRs in Finland from cultural, multilingual, and social points of view, discussing less-common aspects in minority research such as the role of women, the significance of traditions, religion and community organisation, attitudes to adaptation and education, as well as the impact of the political and economic situation, multilingualism, and multiculturalism on a minority with a high number of polyglots and transnational connections. The qualitative case study is interdisciplinary, based on a literature review and several decades of participatory observation, interviews, and informal discussions; it uses source pluralism and memory studies to discuss the developments and the cultural and social aspects of TLR production and application of TLRs in language and culture preservation.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Finland
  topic: keywords
subject: multilingual learners
  topic: keywords
subject: Tatar
  topic: keywords
subject: traditions
  topic: keywords
subject: women
  topic: keywords
creator: Sabira Ståhlberg
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Sabira Ståhlberg https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-09-11
publication date: 2025-09-11
starting page: 18
ending page: 44
doi: 10.53779/SAST0808

Teaching and Learning Resources for Linguistic Minorities: Structures, Challenges, and A Development Agenda
type: item
subject: Articles
  topic: section
creator: Maarit Jaakkola
creator: Boglárka Straszer
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Maarit Jaakkola, Boglárka Straszer https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-09-11
publication date: 2025-09-11
starting page: 1
ending page: 17
doi: 10.53779/MABO0808

Equality Bodies and Roma Rights Through the Lens of Critical Race Theory
type: item
description: Roma are faced with various levels of marginalization, discrimination, and even hostility throughout Europe. This poses a challenge at all levels of governance and is being remedied through a patchwork of law and policy measures facilitated – among others – by national equality bodies. However, the Roma-related efforts of equality bodies are rather uneven. Throughout their work, equality bodies interpret the law as it applies to the Roma, defining and clarifying grounds for discrimination such as ‘race’. In this context, this article seeks to investigate how equality bodies in a selected number of European states tackle the racialization of and racial discrimination against Roma. From a Critical Race Theory approach, the analysis highlights uneasiness towards discussing race in the context of discrimination faced by Roma. While some equality bodies show discomfort with using race and instead prefer ethnicity or other grounds, others are prevented by national legislation from using race altogether, attesting to a broader context of European colour-blindness. Critical Race Theory provides a lens through which such phenomena become visible. Even if there are no apparent consequences of grounding interpretation in ethnicity and not in race, the language used does perpetuate a feeling of discomfort and the avoidance of an important concern.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: antidiscrimination law
  topic: keywords
subject: Critical Race Theory
  topic: keywords
subject: Roma
  topic: keywords
subject: Equality Bodies
  topic: keywords
subject: Europe
  topic: keywords
subject: race
  topic: keywords
creator: Andrei Dragan
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Andrei Dragan https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-08-19
publication date: 2025-08-19
starting page: 88
ending page: 108
doi: 10.53779/ANDR0808

Book Review: Everyday Zionism in East-Central Europe: Nation-Building in War and Revolution, 1914-1920
type: item
subject: Book reviews
  topic: section
creator: Doina Anca Cretu
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Doina Anca Cretu https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-08-01
publication date: 2025-08-01
starting page: 128
ending page: 130
doi: 10.53779/ANCR0108

Interpretation of Effective Public Participation at the ECtHR: Lessons from Recent Jurisprudence on Minority Language Education
type: item
description: This contribution focuses on the recent jurisprudence of the European Court of Human Rights on minority language education and the link established by the Court with the effective public participation of minorities. The interpretation in the latest cases of Valiullina and Others v. Latvia (2024) and Džibuti and Others v. Latvia (2024) indicates that the Court accepts significant limitations to minority language education. However, the novelty of the latest jurisprudence is that the limitations are seen as necessary means for ensuring the effective participation of minorities in the public life of the country. Therefore, this reasoning from the Court seems to contradict the thoroughly developed understanding of measures contributing to effective public participation of minorities, the interpretation of which has been shaped by an array of organisations, including branches of the Council of Europe, of which the Court is part. The article argues that the Court’s judgments on the two cases demonstrate the limited development of the right to education despite the ‘living’ nature of the European Convention on Human Rights. Furthermore, the latest interpretation seems to overlook how the minority right to effective public participation contributes to the realisation of the right to education.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: ECtHR
  topic: keywords
subject: human rights
  topic: keywords
subject: minority rights
  topic: keywords
subject: effective public participation
  topic: keywords
subject: education
  topic: keywords
subject: language
  topic: keywords
creator: Lilija Alijeva
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Lilija Alijeva https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-06-24
publication date: 2025-06-24
starting page: 58
ending page: 87
doi: 10.53779/LIAL2006

Discourse Surrounding the Recognition of Elfdalian in Sweden
type: item
description: This article employs inductive discourse analysis to examine the discussion surrounding the recognition of Elfdalian in Sweden. Although multifaceted in terms of framing, most parliamentary initiatives tend to focalise Elfdalian’s qualities as a language. In contrast, local advocates see recognition as empowering revitalisation efforts, addressing historical injustices, celebrating heritage, and diversifying funding opportunities. Governmental communications cite findings of the specialist minority committee’s 1997 report and class Elfdalian as a folkmål. Conflict between discourses appears where the legally undefined term folkmål enters and obscures the language discussion. Whereas the government sees integration into the public and administrative spheres as integral to recognition, local advocates reject this legal protection. The article concludes that working with a unified terminology would facilitate the discussion and outlines potential avenues for recognition.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Elfdalian
  topic: keywords
subject: Älvdalen
  topic: keywords
subject: language recognition
  topic: keywords
subject: minority language
  topic: keywords
subject: folkmål
  topic: keywords
creator: Willem Adriaan Cornelis Koen
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Willem Adriaan Cornelis Koen https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-06-24
publication date: 2025-06-24
starting page: 33
ending page: 57
doi: 10.53779/WIKO2006